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Ancient technologies and structures: Peru
Blocks cut out of stone, perfectly adhere to each other. In the joints between two blocks do not pass even an ordinary sheet of paper or a credit card.
For binding the data blocks not used for the solution. Blocks attached by a snug fit and a three-dimensional structure of masonry.
In the video above, perfectly describes possible ways of working stone, but the actual acting method, which was used by the builders, no one knows.
This is due to the fact that the way to cut granite blocks directly from the rock and to Polish them and in modern technology.
Strikes and the high precision with which the blocks were made. Not only that, all of them are best fitted to each other, and have clear, straight edges.
In masonry blocks found rough and well polished. Unusual is that the last slightly protrude above the mass, although if they were worn in a natural way, it ought to be Vice versa. Continue reading
Peru and Bolivia long before the Incas
Another type of masonry, which attracted our attention in Cusco, has left a very ambiguous impression. This clutch of relatively small (although sometimes reach hundreds of kilograms) of mainly rectangular blocks of granite or basalt, laid without any mortar.
On the one hand, this style of masonry radically different from the megalithic polygonal. In addition, some of the houses where there are areas of walls with similar walls date back to the period already already after the Spanish conquest. On the other hand, there are a number of reasons, which makes you wonder about the possibility of creating of the masonry is not Spanish, and not even by the Incas, and a very different civilization.
First, the Spaniards, in full compliance with the building traditions and skills of the Old world – widely used solution. Laying stone blocks on each other without mortar for them it was unusual and even strangers. Continue reading
Fortifications
Founded in the year 1044 by Prince Yaroslav . Novgorod Kremlin — the oldest surviving in Russia Kremlins.
The history of the first Novgorod fortress dates back to the mid XI century . It was located on a small hill between two ravines where is now the Cathedral of St. Sophia with the adjacent area. When the princes of Novgorod, Vladimir Yaroslavich and Mstislav Vladimirovich (XI-XII century), the Kremlin has expanded and reached today’s size. Since ancient times there has been massive ramparts, on which at the end of the XV century were built stone walls and towers on the Italian sample.
To walk round the Kremlin in just half an hour. The length of its walls is 1350 m . the thickness reaches four. Of the twelve nine towers have survived . Five (the number of all administrative districts of Novgorod the Great) of them were travel and was a small architectural ensembles: a tower, gate Church. Continue reading
